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      While an unclean, weak and poorly functioning colon, is a breeding ground for disease, sickness and death. Serious health problems can arise if the colon is not properly cared for, and based on the statistics, colon health care in this country has been woefully neglected.

In the United States alone, over 400 million dollars is spent annually on laxatives. This year an estimated 130,000 new cases of colon and rectal cancer will be diagnosed, making it the fourth most common form of cancer in Americans.

Colon toxicity can be the underlying cause of many of these commonly reported health problems and may indicate
the need for colon hydrotherapy...

•Constipation        • Headaches
• Hemorrhoids       • Backaches                  • Arthritis  • Allergies
• Diarrhea              • Distended Abdomen  • Bad Breath/Halitosis
• Skin Problems    • Chronic Fatigue         • Asthma
• Irritability              • Depression                 • Prostate Trouble
• Difficult Weight Loss      •  Frequent Colds     • Hypoglycemia
• Insomnia              • Food Cravings           • Abdominal Gas
• Hypertension      • Foul Body Odor          • Menstrual Problems

Homeopathy

WHAT IS HOMEOPATHY?
Homeopathy is a method of medical treatment which stimulates the body's own healing processes in order to cure illnesses. Homeopathy is based upon the discovery that a substance in small doses can alleviate symptoms similar to those it causes at higher doses. The phrase "likes are cured by likes" is often used to describe a basic concept behind homeopathy.

Thus, the two cornerstones of homeopathy are that "likes are cured by likes," and that the remedies are properly diluted to eliminate or minimize their toxic effects.

WHO DEVELOPED IT?
The science of homeopathy was developed by German physician and chemist, Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, in the early 1800's. Through numerous experiments, he furthered the known theory that "likes are cured by likes." Dr. Hahnemann then determined that the effects of the remedies he tested on himself were too toxic at the conventional dosage level. He found that when a remedy is properly diluted, healing is achieved without the severe side effects.

SUPPRESSION AND REAL CURE
Classical Homeopathy is very different in approach from most medical care systems. Normally one goes to a doctor for a specific disease or problem. You are given a medicine to make that problem go away. But the symptoms are there for a reason, and if the reason still exists then the problem will return, either in the same form or as a different disease or problem. I'm sure you have had experiences, where despite treatment, problems return again and again. At other times problems seem to disappear after treatment, but not long afterwards new problems come out to take their place. The reason for this is that the core problem wasn't dealt with. This is called suppression. Homeopathy has a clear understanding of the difference between suppression and real cure. With cure, the root of the problem is dealt with first, and as a result the symptoms are no longer needed and fade away.

In most cases homeopaths look at everything that is going on in the patient's life, not just a few symptoms in isolation. The same patient that comes in complaining of headaches may also have depression, insecurities, low energy and a long list of other problems. All of these problems stem from the same root cause and by dealing with it, all of the problems will fade away. During a very lengthy initial appointment all of the problems will be explored. Then a single homeopathic remedy or varieties of remedies are chosen.

These natural remedies are made from plants, minerals and other natural substances. They are prepared by a process of step by step repeated dilution and shaking, which makes them capable of stimulating the body's own defense system. The remedy is usually given one time only, and then allowed to work for a long time. Homeopaths recognize the importance of intervening as little as possible. They know the body is intelligent and produces symptoms for a reason. Rather than giving a medicine which ignores the intelligence of the body, homeopaths choose the one homeopathic remedy which can strengthen the body and allow it to heal itself.

After the correct homeopathic remedy, most patients feel greater well-being and happiness. Homeopathic care goes much deeper than most types of treatment. Changes in life long problems, both physical and emotional are reported.

Homeopathy is not well known in the United States yet, though it is growing fast due to its high success rate in helping people, especially those that cannot be helped by conventional medicine. Homeopathy is very common and accepted in England, France, Switzerland, Germany, India and many other countries.

Homeopathy is often extremely effective with people who have chronic diseases. This includes any long-term physical or emotional problems, as well as illnesses which return time and time again. Whether conventional medicine considers the condition curable or not is not the major factor in determining whether homeopathy can help. Homeopathy is also appropriate for those who have problems that bother them, even though no disease has been diagnosed.

 Title: PMS  
Description: Help to relieve the symptoms of PMS with our doctor recommended herbal formula. 
URL:   http://www.MDHealthline.com

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. The homeopathic approach utilizes minute quantities of medicinal substances to create therapeutic physiological changes through subtle-energy fields.

2. In homeopathic remedies, the energetic signature of the medicinal substance is first transferred to a solvent, such as water, then to a neutral pill of milk sugar. It is the vibrational signature of the substance and not its molecular properties which are utilized for healing benefits.

3. In homeopathy, the more dilute a remedy's molecular concentration, the greater its potency. This is in direct contrast to the pharmacokinetic/drug model, in which there is a greater potency with higher molecular concentrations.

4. Homeopathy is based upon the Law of Similars, whereby a remedy is chosen for its ability to reproduce the symptoms of the sick person in a normal healthy individual. By matching the symptom complex of the patient with the known "drug picture" of the remedy, a correct vibrational match between patient and remedy is achieved.

5. In homeopathy, a remedy is chosen for its ability to stimulate and rebalance the physical body through supplying a needed frequency of subtle energy. If the remedy's frequency matches the patient's illness state, a resonant transfer of energy will allow the patient's bioenergetic system to effectively assimilate the needed energy, throw off the toxicity, and move to a new equilibrium point of health.

REFLEXOLOGY

Reflexology is a form of foot (and occasionally hand) massage, which is not only relaxing but is also used as a therapy for a variety of medical conditions. It is based on the principle that every part of the body is reflected in a precise area of the feet; by stimulating the appropriate ‘reflex points’, toxins (uric acid and calcium crystals) are cleared away, and the energy can flow freely along the energy zones throughout the body. The massage also increases circulation, aiding the distribution of nutrients and oxygen, and removing waste products from the system. Not only the physical body, but also the emotional states of the patient may be influenced by manipulation of the feet.

There is evidence that forms of reflexology were used in China over 5,000 years ago. Although the system of energy points and channels resembles that used in several other Chinese therapies, such as acupuncture, most reflexologists maintain that they are quite separate. Modern reflexology was developed in the twentieth century, and it is now popular in the UK, US, Australia, and New Zealand and all over Europe, both as a private therapy and in some institutions (including pain clinics, cancer centres and special care baby-units).

What the treatment entails:
After an initial detailed case history is taken you will be invited to remove your shoes and socks/stockings* and then lie on a comfortable couch in peaceful surroundings.
During a treatment some clients may feel tingling, pinpricks or a sensation in the corresponding body part. The most common immediate side-effect is thirst and a deep restful feeling. Indeed few people stay awake through the whole treatment. Some people report diarrhoea or an urge to urinate. This is due to the purgative effect the treatment has. An after-effect of sluggishness or lethargy is also common following the first session.
After the treatment the proposed treatment plan and time scale involved will be discussed. The initial consultation will last at least one hour. Subsequent treatments will take 45 minutes or more, depending on need.
* Reflexologist works on bare feet so don’t worry about calluses – in fact, they may aid the practitioner in finding a problem.

Who may benefit from Reflexology
Conditions which may respond to reflexology include:

• Asthma
  Constipation
  Gastro-intestinal disorders (including irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcers)
  Ear, eye, nose, throat and sinus problems
  Skin problems (including eczema and psoriasis)
  Insomnia
  Menstrual problems
  Multiple Sclerosis
  Parkinson’s disease
  Prostate problems
  Wound healing
  Stress/anxiety
  High blood pressure
  Circulation problems
  
  Children over the age of one may be treated, and conditions such as hyperactivity, bedwetting and glue-ear are considered particularly suitable.
  
  Reflexology is also used for pain control in arthritis, migraine and other headaches, back/neck pain, and foot pain. The relaxation properties of reflexology massage are also beneficial to most people, especially stroke patients.
  
  It may not be suitable for people with osteoporosis, phlebitis, thrombosis, epilepsy, thyroid disorder, diabetes, or those with a heart condition.

Treatment
At the first consultation, the reflexologist may ask about the patient’s past and present health and lifestyle. Initially the practitioner will work on the whole foot (body), not just the part affected by a specific ailment, since this is a holistic therapy, and any underlying causes must be identified. Any pain or tenderness experienced as the reflex points are stimulated indicates the presence of crystalline deposits, and therefore an imbalance in the corresponding area of the body. These areas will be massaged gently but firmly to clear the energy channels.

Once the problem areas have been identified, reflexology of the hands or feet can be practised at home between treatment sessions.

Most sessions last 45-60 minutes. The frequency of the treatments, and length of the course depend upon the condition being treated; many people have regular treatment over long periods to maintain well-being.

After-effects
Possible after-effects of reflexology include feeling nauseous, tired or emotional for a couple of days after treatment; a need to urinate more often may also be noticed. It is also possible that existing symptoms may worsen before improving, or else a rash, cough or mild flu-like symptoms may develop; this is known as a ‘healing crisis’, and is said to indicate that the body is beginning to eliminate toxins.

Reflexology is compatible with all other forms of therapy, though you should advise your practitioner if you are taking any medication, conventional or complementary, since the increase in excretions from the body may interfere with them. It is suggested that reflexology is particularly effective when combined with acupuncture, osteopathy or light therapy.

Reflexology is an extremely effective form of massage. The basis of which relates to "reflex points" on the sole of the foot. These "points" coincide with each organ and system in the body and are linked to those organs by "energy channels", "zones" or "meridians". When illness, or imbalance, occurs the corresponding "energy channels" become blocked. Reflexology Massage aims to remove these blocks, thus allowing the energy to flow freely again

When the Physiotherapist, Eunice Ingham first began mapping the entire bodily organs onto the feet, back in the 1930's, little did she realise that this would be the beginning of such a revolution in healing therapy. From this time on, it has been confirmed that by using pressure on the various points on the feet, along with massage, that such an improvement in both illness and ailment could be witnessed. Modern Reflexology is both a science and an art. Reflexology is generally applied as a massage to the feet or hands, using the zones that correspond to the various organs of the body. As a science, it requires careful study, faithful practise and a sound knowledge of the techniques that are used.

As one of the 'healing arts', Reflexology yields the best result when the Reflexologist works with self belief and dedication.

Reflexology will reduce stress and tension in the individual, improve circulation and cleanse the body of toxins and impurities. It is also renowned for revitalisation of energy and is often used as a preventative healthcare. In other words this pleasing therapy will help to balance the whole system.

This foundation course will provide the student with adequate information to begin practicing as a Reflexologist.  Our advanced level course will provide all serious therapists with the knowledge that they will need to practise as a true professional.

Reflexology & Multiple Sclerosis
Following a number of reports by reflexologists of MS patients benefiting from reflexology treatment, a small scale study was initiated backed by the Grampian branch of the Charity Action and Research for Multiple Sclerosis (GARMS) and the Scottish Institute of Reflexology.

GARMS provides regular hyperbaric oxygen therapy and physiotherapy for people with MS, and volunteers were asked to participate in reflexology study. Fourteen were assigned to a treatment group to receive a one hour reflexology treatment every week, and 13 patients were selected to act as a control group (one member dropped out leaving twelve who completed the study in the control group)

At the commencement of the study, participants were asked to asses nineteen of the most common symptoms as either minor, major or not applicable. The assessment was repeated after 6 weeks and 12 weeks when the participants also noted whether their symptoms had improved, worsened or not changed. The control were assessed using the same form at the same intervals as the treatment group, and both the treatment and control groups were asked at the time of the assessment whether on not their medication or diet had changed to assess possible external factors.

After 6 weeks, a significant number of people in the treatment group showed an improvement in their symptoms, and most of these improvements were maintained. During the second 6 week period, however, many of the participants had lost some of the improvements they had gained in the first 6 weeks; but after 18 weeks, the results revealed that those patients in the treatment group experienced some improvements in 45% of the symptoms compared to a much lower rate of 13% in the control group.

The results indicate that reflexology does offer some therapeutic benefit to MS patients especially in the first 6 weeks of treatment, although the treatment sessions need to be regular, and the benefits seem to diminish after twelve weeks.

Joyce M, Richardson R. Reflexology helps multiple sclerosis. JACM July 1997 10-12

Reflexology & Migraine
According to a large nationwide research study undertaken in Denmark, reflexology treatment has a beneficial effect on patients suffering from migraine and tension headaches. The study was conducted at the Department of Social Pharmacy, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy in co-operation with five reflexology associations. 220 patients participated with treatment being given by 78 fully trained reflexologist across the country.

Headaches remain the most common health problem amongst the adult population and it has been estimated that they are the reason for the loss of three mil-lion working days every year. Reflexology is renowned for its ability to help relax and calm patients and for this reason it was considered an interesting therapy to study for the treatment of tension headaches and migraine.

Of all the patients who took part in the study, 90 percent said that they had taken prescribed medication for their headaches within the month prior to the commencement of the study and, of them, 36 percent had experienced side effects from the medicines. 81 percent of the prescribed medicine in the acetvlsalicyclic acid and paracetamol group was taken at least twice a week and 72% of the stronger migraine medicines were taken at least once a fortnight which indicates that the majority of the patients were suffering from moderate to severe symptoms. 34 percent had taken medications for ailments other than headaches.

Three months after a completed series of reflexology treatments, 81 percent of patients confirmed that reflexology had either cured (16%) or helped (65%) their symptoms. 19 percent of the patients re-ported that they had been able to completely dispense with the medications they had been taking before the study.

The reflexologist also found that there was a strong link between headaches and the gall bladder, stomach, bladder, and endocrine meridians. At the end of the study the patients who benefited from the treatment showed less stress on the reflex points for the ovaries, small intestine, bladder, stomach, liver and kidneys than they had experienced on their first treatment. The likelihood of successful cure was found to be greatest for: a) those patients whom the reflexologist found no stress on the reflex zones of the uterus or gall bladder, and b) younger patients who had suffered from headaches for a short period of time.

Brendstrup E, Launso L, Eriksen L. Reflexions March 1996, 10

Reflexology & Constipation & Constipation
Reflexology has also been shown to be an effective alternative treatment for chronic constipation. In a study involving 20 women aged between 30 and 60 years of age, who had suffered with constipation for an average of 24.6 years, 15 reflexology treatments produced astounding results. Prior to the study, the women had a bowel movement an average of only once every 4.1 days but after the course of treatment this was increased to once every 1.8 days. At the end of the study, 50% of the women obtained normal stool consistency whereas none had experienced this before the treatments, 85% reported a positive change in their digestion, and 55% were able to reduce their use of laxatives. Furthermore, over 95% of the women admitted to having other health problems before the study and 80% reported an improvement in those conditions after the reflexology treatments.

"Sygeplejerksen" (Danish Journal of Nursing) 24th June 1992

Reflexology & Kidney Stones
A few years ago, researchers at Glostrop hospital, Copenhagen, demonstrated that reflexology can help relieve the acute pain suffered by patients with kidney stones. 30 patients participated in the study and were divided equally into three groups: one group received reflexology treatment, one group received placebo treatment and the remaining groups were used as controls.

If no pain relief was experienced within 5 minutes, the treatment would end for analgesic medications, but those who experienced a benefit within 5 minutes, treatment was continued for a further 10 minutes. The results showed that 9 out of the 10 patients in the reflexology group experienced complete pain relief after the treatment which lasted for over an hour and in 5 of the patients pain was relieved for 4 hours.

Medical doctors Niels Baekgaard and Vibe Hansen, who conducted the study, concluded that "Reflexology treatment of acute ureterolithiasis has a pain relieving effect" and when compared to Baralgin (a commonly administered analgesic), the findings revealed that reflexology actually works faster at alleviating pain although the effects last for a shorter duration.

FDZ Magazine ‘Zoneterapeuten’ No 6, 1993

Reflexology and chest pain
ALTERNATIVES in health™ subscriber, Margaret Berker, a qualified reflexologist and member of the British Reflexology Association conducted an interesting small-scale study at the Cardiac Unit of the Queen Elizabeth hospital , Birmingham, UK, into the effects of reflexology on a group of four patients suffering from chest pain.

The patients were obtained from a consultant; all had all experienced pain for periods ranging between 18 months and 13 years and, cardiac catheterizations revealed that none of the patients had any identifiable disease of the cardiac arteries. Furthermore, none of the patients had had reflexology treatment prior to the study, nor were they encouraged to believe that the treatment would ‘cure’ their condition.

Reflexology treatments were given weekly over a period of eight weeks and the patients were asked to keep a diary to record their chest pain before and after treatments which specified (a) the number of episodes, (b) the intensity of the pain and (c) the duration of the pain.

Analysis of the data revealed that all of the patients recorded positive results; three of the four experienced a complete relief from their original symptoms after nine months and the remaining patient reported a reduction in pain.

Reflexology & Mental Health
A new report from the local association of MIND (Worthing) reveals the beneficial effects of reflexology and counselling on mental health patients.

Research was carried out between May 1996 and August 1997 in which a reflexologist and a counsellor worked with a total of 74 people (49 received reflexology and 25 received counselling).

The report’s findings based upon the observations of the therapists and the participants indicate that:

• Physical improvements underpinned feelings of enhanced mental/emotional well-being for many participants. For example, the researchers observed that the release of tension through being able to talk led to greater relaxation, which in turn was found to alleviate headaches and improve sleep.

• With the exception of two participants in the reflexology sample, there was a reported increase in relaxation levels and a decrease in anxiety levels.

• The reflexologist noted that participants developed an increased awareness of tension in the body and an increased ability to change that state, e.g. they consciously altered their breathing and their posture.

• Many participants reported improved emotional status. Fear, worry and despair reported at the beginning of the study were considered to have changed into more positive and fulfilling emotions.

• There was a general consensus among the participants that an offer of more complementary therapies would be of overall benefit within the mental health service.

Perhaps the most interesting finding of the study was that the participants tended to make greater progress when reflexology and counselling were offered together, and the report recommended greater integration of the therapies.

Although this was a small, pilot study which by its very nature is limited in value due to the absence of objective data measurements or traditional scientific audit, the researchers hope that it will ‘form the basis for a further controlled research project, incorporating objective data measurements, or a comprehensive audit’.

Peta Trousdell, Andrea Uphoff-Chmielnik. Making connections: user perception of the effects of Reflexology and Counselling: an evaluation of a complementary health care project at Worthing Mind. September 1997.

(Copies of the report may be obtained from MIND Worthing, 8-10 Durrington Lane, Worthing, W.Sussex BN13 2QB for a charge of £5.)

Reflexology & Nervous Exhaustion
Recent research from China suggest that reflexology may be particularly helpful for patients suffering from nervous exhaustion.

Twenty patients with a history of neurasthenia (nervous exhaustion) which had lasted between 1 – 8 years were given a course of reflexology at the department of physiotherapy, 52884 Military Hospital.

The patients’ chief symptoms were dizziness, insomnia, memory loss, indigestion and headaches. All had previously received long term medical treatment none of which had helped them.

The reflexology treatments focused on the areas of the feet relating to the adrenal gland, kidneys, bladder, sinus, brain and heart. Those patients who suffered from associated digestive problems were also treated to the areas of the feet relating to spleen, stomach, duodenum and celiac, while those patients who suffered from headaches had the areas of the feet relating to the cerebellum and trigeminal nerves treated.

The reflexology treatments were given daily over a period of seven days and the results were quite remarkable:

40% experienced complete ‘cure’, further 35% had greatly improved, and a further 15% had mildly improved. Only 10% showed no change at all to the treatment.

Duan Shuang-Feng. Foot reflexology in neurosism: Clinical Observation of 20 cases. Presented at the China reflexology symposium in Beijing (July 1993). Reflexology research reports (Association of Reflexologtists) 2^nd edition.

Reflexology & Children with nocturnal enuresis (Bed wetting)
The purpose of the study was to clarify whether reflexology is a relevant treatment for enuresis nocturna, and to test a research design applicable to controlled experiments with reflexology. An unblinded method was used comparing a treatment group (1) receiving reflexology to a non-treatment group (2) keeping the same record of symptoms. At the start of the study, the volumes of night urine in the two groups were comparable. By the end of the study, there was no significant decrease in the volume of night urine in either of the groups. Two children in the treatment group and one in the non-treatment group became dry during the night in the course of the study. In conclusion, reflexology given as 14 treatment sessions over a period of four months did not result in a significant fall in enuresis nocturna in children aged seven to eleven years old. It must be concluded that the treatment result can not be distinguished from the conditions in the non-treatment group even though the average night diuresis in group one showed a slightly decreasing tendency while morning diuresis increased, in contrast to group two which exhibited a slight increase in night diuresis. As the total diuresis remained constant, this could be interpreted as an increased urinary bladder capacity, but in both cases the changes were far from significant.

Comments: Comment in: Ugeskr Laeger 1999 Apr 12;161(15):2224 Sietam KS, Eriksen L Forenede Danske Zoneterapeuter, Kolding.

Reflexology & Recovery
According to a 1994 Swiss medical report, foot Reflexology is one of the most useful treatments for post operative gynaecological patients. The researchers demonstrated that reflexology enhances urination, stimulates bowel movements and so aids recovery. Patients who received reflexology treatment also showed a much less need for medication than patients in the control group.

Kesselring A. (foot reflex zone massage) Fussreflexzonemassage. Schweiz med Wochenschr suppl (SWITZERLAND) 1994, 62 p88-93

Reflexology helps increase renal blood flow
Researchers in Austria studied the effects of reflexology upon renal blood flow.

32 healthy young adults (17 women, 15 men) participated in a placebo-controlled, double blind trial. The treatment group received reflexology at zones corresponding to the right kidney. The placebo group received treatment on other foot zones. The blood flow of 3 vessels of the right kidney was measured then monitored prior to, during and following reflexology. Systolic peak velocity and end diastolic peak velocity were measured and resistive index calculated.

The two groups showed significant differences; a highly significant decrease showed during and following reflexology. There were no differences between men and women nor smokers and non-smokers.

These results are consistent with the hypothesis that reflexology is effective in influencing renal blood flow and confirms the results of independent research that reflexology can significantly help kidney function..

Sudmeier l et al. Changes of renal blood flow during organ-associated foot reflexology measured by colour Doppler sonography. Forschende Komplementaermedizin 6(3): 129-34 Jun 1999

Reflexology used for cancer patients
Ten minute reflexology treatments can provide relief from pain, nausea and anxiety, according to a report from the School of Nursing, Division of Science and Design, University of Canberra, Australia.

Nurses at the School conducted an empirical study on the use of foot massage as a nursing intervention in patients hospitalised with cancer. The study was developed from the earlier work of Ferrell-Torry and Glick (1992).

87 patients participated in the study and each received a 10-minute reflexology foot massage (5 minutes per foot) . The results revealed that the treatments produced a significant and immediate effect on the patients' perceptions of pain, nausea, and relaxation, when measured with a visual analog scale. The use of reflexology foot massage as a complementary method is recommended as a relatively simple nursing intervention for patients experiencing nausea or pain related to the cancer experience. The results were so positive that the researchers recommend that further research using larger numbers of patients in controlled clinical trials into its effectiveness of reflexology in alleviating pain, nausea and anxiety in the management of these symptoms by the family at home is warranted.

Foot massage. A nursing intervention to modify the distressing symptoms of pain and nausea in patients hospitalized with cancer. Grealish L, Lomasney A, Whiteman B Cancer Nurs 2000 Jun;23(3):237-43

Reflexology & Childbirth
Whenever stress and nervous tension are present, reflexology, like massage and aromatherapy can be very effective in inducing relaxation. It will also help to 'balance' organs and tissues throughout the body and, acting through the nervous system, actually help strengthen and normalise the circulatory system. In this way, it can help activate the body's own healing force to aid recovery.

Reflexology may also be employed to help stimulate the reproductive organs through the autonomic nervous system and so help strengthen and correct under functioning organs and balance hormonal function. Although there are no controlled studies on the subject of reflexology and infertility, there have been research studies relating to the effects of reflexology and childbirth.

A study at the Gentofte Hospital in Copenhagen revealed that reflexology is beneficial to women during the labour of childbirth. 58 out of 60 women giving birth experienced "outstanding pain relief using reflexology treatment", and 11 out of 14 women were able to avoid surgery under general anaesthesia. Dr Carsten Lenstrup was so impressed by the results that he said: "Taken as a whole, the results are so good that am not in any doubt that reflexology can give many women a better, easier and less painful delivery than they would have had otherwise." (2)

The findings of the Gentofte study were supported by a further study carried out by Dr Gowri Motva at the Jeyrani Birth Centre on the effects of reflexology on pregnant women. 37 pregnant women completed a course of 10 reflexology treatments with remarkable effect. The average length of the first stage of labour was 5 hours whereas the text book average is 16 - 24 hours; the second stage of labour lasted an average of 16 minutes compared to the text book expectancy of 1 - 2 hours, and only 5.4% of the women who had reflexology treatment required emergency caesarian section compared to an average of 13% in Newham district which was the district where the study was conducted.

MASSAGE       THERAPY